Ancient Church Unearthed In Asia
Archaeologists in Armenia have recently unearthed what is thought to be the country’s oldest church building, providing significant insights into early Christianity in the region. A collaborative effort between the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia and the University of Münster revealed a previously undiscovered church in the ancient city of Artaxata.
Professor Achim Lichtenberger from the University of Münster stated that the building, dating back to the 4th century, is the earliest archaeologically verified church in Armenia, marking a remarkable discovery for the understanding of early Christian architecture. The excavated ruins reveal an octagonal structure measuring approximately 30 meters in diameter, with researchers employing geophysical techniques for further study.
According to Mkrtich H. Zardaryan from the National Academy of Sciences, the discovery of an octagonal church is particularly significant, as such designs were previously unknown in the region but are recognized in the Eastern Mediterranean, where they first emerged in the 4th century AD. The researchers suggest that this church likely served as an early Christian memorial building, supported by radiocarbon dating of wooden platforms found at the site, which dates to the mid-4th century.
Evidence at the excavation site indicates that the church would have been richly adorned, with imported marble from the Mediterranean region found among the ruins. The joint German-Armenian research team began their investigations in Armenia last September and plans to continue their excavations to uncover details about the church’s dedication.
Armenia holds the distinction of being the first nation to officially adopt Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD, following the missionary efforts of Saint Gregory the Illuminator. Historian R. G. Hovannisian noted that this conversion was a pivotal moment in Armenian history, redirecting the nation away from its Iranian influences and establishing a lasting Christian identity.
In 451 AD, Armenians faced pressure from the Persian Empire to renounce Christianity in favor of Zoroastrianism. Led by St. Vartan, they mounted a fierce resistance at the Battle of Avarayr, which, despite being described as bloody and devastating, ultimately helped to preserve their faith. Although St. Vartan and many of his followers were defeated, their struggle played a crucial role in halting the Persian efforts to convert Armenia.